Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The Index of Severity for Eosinophilic Esophagitis (I-SEE) is a new expert-defined clinical tool that classifies disease severity of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether I-SEE is associated with patient characteristics and/or molecular features of EoE. METHODS: We analyzed a prospective cohort of patients with EoE from the Consortium of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Researchers (CEGIR)...

BACKGROUND: Transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily member 4 (TRPM4) is a broadly expressed, calcium-activated, monovalent cation channel that regulates immune cell function in mice and cell lines. Clinically however, partial loss or gain of function mutations in TRPM4 lead to arrythmia and heart disease, with no documentation of immunological disorders. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the functional cellular mechanisms underlying the immune dysregulation phenotype in a proband with a mutated trpm4 gene...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The contribution of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis (AD) is widely documented, but its role as a primary trigger of AD skin symptoms remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVE: To reappraise the main bacterial factors and underlying immune mechanisms by which S. aureus triggers AD-like inflammation. METHODS: We capitalized on a pre-clinical model, in which different clinical isolates were applied in the absence of any prior experimental skin injury...

BACKGROUND: While the daily rhythm of allergic rhinitis (AR) has long been recognized, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains enigmatic. OBJECTIVE: We aim to investigate the role of circadian clock in AR development and to clarify the mechanism by which the daily rhythm of AR is generated. METHODS: AR was induced in mice using the ovalbumin method. Toluidine blue staining, LC-MS/MS analysis, qPCR, and immunoblotting were performed with AR and control mice...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Cockroach allergy contributes to morbidity among urban children with asthma. Few trials address the effect of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with cockroach allergen among these at-risk children. OBJECTIVE: To determine if nasal allergen challenge (NAC) responses to cockroach allergen would improve following one year of SCIT. METHODS: Urban children with asthma, that were cockroach-sensitized and reactive on NAC, participated in a yearlong randomized double-blind placebo-controlled SCIT trial using German cockroach extract...

BACKGROUND: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a non-protein polymer that is present in its native (unbound) form as an excipient in a range of products, and is increasingly being utilised clinically in the form of PEGylated liposomal medications and vaccines. PEG is the cause of anaphylaxis in a small percentage of drug reactions, however diagnosis of PEG allergy is complicated by the variable and poor diagnostic performance of current skin testing protocols. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the diagnostic performance of PEGylated lipid medications as an alternative to currently described tests that use medications containing PEG excipients...

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence demonstrates the importance of high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in certain immune and allergy-mediated diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate levels of high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoproteins (Apo) A1 and B in serum from a cohort of patients presenting with hypersensitivity reactions. We further assessed the function of high-density lipoprotein particles as well as their involvement in the molecular mechanisms of anaphylaxis...

BACKGROUND: LCP1 encodes L-plastin, an actin-bundling protein primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells. In mouse and fish models, LCP1 deficiency has been shown to result in hematological and immune defects. OBJECTIVE: To determine the nature of a human inborn error of immunity resulting from a novel genetic variant of LCP1. METHODS: We performed genetic, protein and cellular analysis of PBMCs from a kindred with apparent autosomal dominant immune deficiency...

BACKGROUND: The integrity of the airway epithelium is guarded by the airway basal cells that serve as progenitor cells and restore wounds in case of injury. Basal cells are a heterogenous population and specific changes in their behavior are associated with chronic barrier disruption; mechanisms that have not been studied in detail in allergic rhinitis (AR). OBJECTIVE: We here aim to study basal cell (sub)types in AR and healthy controls. METHODS: scRNAseq of the nasal epithelium was performed on non-allergic and house dust mite allergic AR patients to reveal basal cell diversity and to identify allergy-related alterations...

BACKGROUND: Epithelial remodeling is a prominent feature of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (eCRSwNP), and infiltration of M2 macrophages plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of eCRSwNP, but the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the role of ALOX15+ M2 macrophages in the epithelial remodeling of eCRSwNP. METHODS: Digital spatial transcriptome and single-cell sequencing analyses were used to characterize the epithelial remodeling and cellular infiltrate in eCRSwNP...

BACKGROUND: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a severe disease involving dysregulated type 2 inflammation. However, the role other inflammatory pathways play in AERD is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: We sought to broadly define the inflammatory milieu of the upper respiratory tract in AERD and to determine the effects of IL-4Rα inhibition on mediators of nasal inflammation. METHODS: Twenty-two AERD patients treated with dupilumab for 3 months were followed over 3 visits and compared to 10 healthy controls...

BACKGROUND: Human IgE monoclonal antibodies (hIgE mAb) against major mite allergen Der p 2 developed using human hybridoma technology, were used for IgE epitope mapping and analysis of epitopes associated with the human IgE repertoire. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the new hIgE mAb 4C8 epitope on Der p 2 and compare it to the hIgE mAb 2F10 epitope in the context of the allergenic structure of Der p 2. METHODS: X-ray crystallography was utilized to determine the epitope of anti-Der p 2 hIgE mAb 4C8...

BACKGROUND: Autoantibody-mediated cytopenias (AICs) regularly occur in profoundly IgG-deficient common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients. The isotypes, antigenic targets, and origin(s) of their disease-causing autoantibodies are unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine reactivity, clonality and provenance of AIC-associated IgM autoantibodies in CVID patients. METHODS: We utilized glycan arrays, patient erythrocytes, and platelets to determine targets of CVID IgM autoantibodies...

BACKGROUND: There is insufficient systematised evidence on the effectiveness of individual intranasal medications in allergic rhinitis (AR). OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review to compare the efficacy of individual intranasal corticosteroids and antihistamines against placebo in improving the nasal and ocular symptoms and the rhinoconjunctivitis-related quality-of-life of patients with perennial or seasonal AR. METHODS: We searched four electronic bibliographic databases and three clinical trials databases for randomised controlled trials (i) assessing adult patients with seasonal or perennial AR and (ii) comparing the use of intranasal corticosteroids or antihistamines versus placebo...

BACKGROUND: International data suggest that asthma, like other inflammatory diseases, might increase Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. OBJECTIVE: To explore risk pathways and future mitigation strategies by comparing diagnostic claims-based AD incidence and prevalence among US patients with asthma to non-asthma patients. METHODS: This cohort study included a national Medicare 20% random sample 2013-2015. Adult patients with >12 months continuous Medicare with asthma were compared to non-asthma subjects overall and as matched...