JAMA Ophthalmology

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IMPORTANCE: Data regarding the prevalence of various inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are limited and vary across populations; moreover, nationwide prevalence studies may be limited to a specific IRD phenotype, potentially leading to inaccurate prevalence estimations. Therefore, nationwide prevalence data are needed. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of 67 IRD phenotypes in the Israeli population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study collected nationwide data regarding the number of individuals affected with IRD phenotypes assessed in 10 clinical and academic centers in Israel as part of the research activity of the Israeli inherited retinal disease consortium...

IMPORTANCE: Taking ω-3 supplements has been associated with a reduction in symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) associated with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). However, a recent relatively large clinical trial concluded that treating DED with ω-3 consumption was ineffective, potentially warranting additional investigations. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of re-esterified triglyceride (rTG) ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on DED associated with MGD...

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IMPORTANCE: Known social risk factors associated with poor visual and systemic health in the US include segregation, income inequality, and persistent poverty. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of vision difficulty, including blindness, in neighborhoods with measures of inequity (Theil H index, Gini index, and persistent poverty). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey and 2010 US census tracts as well as Theil H index, Gini index, and persistent poverty measures from PolicyMap...

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IMPORTANCE: Despite widespread availability and consensus on its advantages for detailed imaging of geographic atrophy (GA), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) might benefit from automated quantitative OCT analyses in GA diagnosis, monitoring, and reporting of its landmark clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between pegcetacoplan and consensus GA SD-OCT end points. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a post hoc analysis of 11 614 SD-OCT volumes from 936 of the 1258 participants in 2 parallel phase 3 studies, the Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal APL-2 Therapy With Sham Injections in Patients With Geographic Atrophy (GA) Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration (OAKS) and Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal APL-2 Therapy With Sham Injections in Patients With Geographic Atrophy (GA) Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration (DERBY)...

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IMPORTANCE: While UV radiation displays may be used for recreational purposes at outdoor events, unprotected eyes have been reported to have symptoms consistent with photokeratitis. Such symptoms warrant documentation and evaluation in ophthalmic peer reviewed literature. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case series of photokeratitis associated with a single ultraviolet radiation display at an outdoor event. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This case series involved a retrospective record review of 8 patients who presented in public and private health sectors in November 2023 after developing photokeratitis following UV radiation exposure at an outdoor event in Hong Kong on the night of November 4, 2023...

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IMPORTANCE: Rapid initial optic nerve head capillary density loss may be used to assess the risk of glaucoma visual field progression. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the rate of initial optic nerve head capillary density loss from optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and visual field progression. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective study of a longitudinal cohort at a glaucoma referral center...

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IMPORTANCE: Vision-language models (VLMs) are a novel artificial intelligence technology capable of processing image and text inputs. While demonstrating strong generalist capabilities, their performance in ophthalmology has not been extensively studied. OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of the Gemini Pro VLM in expert-level tasks for macular diseases from optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study evaluating a generalist VLM on ophthalmology-specific tasks using the open-source Optical Coherence Tomography Image Database...

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IMPORTANCE: Most neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treatments involve long-term follow-up of disease activity. Home-monitoring would reduce the burden on patients and their caregivers and release clinic capacity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 3 vision home-monitoring tests for patients to use to detect active nAMD compared with diagnosing active nAMD at hospital follow-up during the after-treatment monitoring phase. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a diagnostic test accuracy study wherein the reference standard was detection of active nAMD by an ophthalmologist at hospital follow-up...