JAMA Pediatrics

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IMPORTANCE: The youth mental health crisis is exacerbated for Latinx adolescents, a group whose families are targets of anti-immigrant rhetoric and policy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how immigration-related stressors are associated with disruptions in parent-child relationships and, in turn, the mental health symptoms of Latinx adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data for this prospective cohort study of adolescent-mother dyads were derived from surveys completed at 3 time points spanning 4 years (time 1 [T1] in 2018, time 2 [T2] in 2020, and time 3 [T3] in 2022)...

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IMPORTANCE: Breastfed infants are at risk of iron deficiency, which is associated with suboptimal development. There is a paucity of evidence on the effects of iron supplementation on child development, and current guidelines are divergent. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether daily iron supplementation, 1 mg/kg, between 4 and 9 months in exclusively or predominantly breastfed infants improves psychomotor development at 12 months. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted between December 2015 and May 2020 with follow-up through May 2023 in an outpatient setting in Poland and Sweden...

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IMPORTANCE: Human milk feeding is a key public health goal to optimize infant and maternal/parental health, but global lactation outcomes do not meet recommended duration and exclusivity. There are connections between lactation and mental health. OBJECTIVE: To appraise all available evidence on whether the provision of relaxation interventions to lactating individuals improves lactation and well-being. DATA SOURCES: Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched on September 30, 2023, and topic experts were consulted...

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IMPORTANCE: Hypertension affects 6% of all children, and its prevalence is increasing. Childhood hypertension tracks into adulthood and is associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease; however, there is a lack of evidence linking childhood hypertension to cardiovascular outcomes, which may contribute to underdiagnosis and undertreatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term associated risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) among children diagnosed with hypertension...

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IMPORTANCE: With the rising prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents, identifying modifiable associations is critical. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between physical fitness and mental disorder risks. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This nationwide cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Student Fitness Tests and National Health Insurance Research Databases from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2019. Participants were divided into 2 cohorts targeting anxiety and depression (1 996 633 participants) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; 1 920 596 participants)...